To Placencia from Belize City you have several options:
reachDrive to Placencia – rent a car from one of the rental agencies located in the parking lot of the Belize National Airport. Ask for directions and hit the road. The quickest way to get from Belize City to Placencia is via the Hummingbird and Souther Highways. These roads are paved and the signage is pretty consistent. It’s once you turn off the main highways that you’re likely to encounter bumpy, dusty, winding roads. Make sure your rental car is a sturdy 4×4 to navigate the bumpy conditions. Also, try to drive only in the daylight hours.
Take note that Placencia village now has Barefoot Rentals. They do transportation and charter service, Car rentals and Golf cart rentals. If you feel you do not want to take the long drive from Belize city, simply get a local flight and pick up a rental in Placencia.
Flights to Placencia – Maya Island Air and Tropic Air offer daily flights from Belize City to Placencia. The village of Placenica is very close to the airstrip — you can either walk, arrange a transfer with your hotel, or get a cab from the Placenica airstrip.
Bus to Placencia – If you’re more adventurous than I, you can take a bus from Belize City to Dangriga (2 hours) and from Dangriga to Placencia (2 hours). The last bus from Dangriga to Plancencia is at 5:30. Be sure to check the bus schedule when you arrive in Belize, as they are subject to change.
There is no boat option for getting from Belize City to Placencia, but there is the Hokey Pokey Water Taxi — for about $5 — that leaves from Placencia to a town called Mango Creek.
Reference: Tripadvisor.com